ILT - Process - Instructional Design

The Process

Instructional Design

The analysis phase is usually the first step of the instructional design process. It involves conducting an in-depth needs assessment consisting of the following elements:

needs assessment
task analysis
development of instructional goals and objectives
content review and development
audience analysis
analysis of the work environment
review of current methods and materials
review of existing packages and programs
identification of budgetary constraints

The needs assessment is often the most overlooked aspect of a development project. Too often, a project is started in the middle with "this is what we want to do" or "this is what we need to do." Prior to investing time and money in a project, however, it is essential to look at the needs of your organization.

Design

After the analysis is complete, we focus our attention on the design phase of the project. During this phase, we look at all the elements of the project to determine the best method for design and delivery of the learning package.

Once the content is identified, we will determine the type and scope of interactivity necessary to optimize learning outcomes. We then evaluate delivery methods and available technology to ensure their usability for the given audience.

The delivery method is usually determined by the course content and outside limitations such as time, budget, resources, etc. Possible delivery methods include:

computer-based training (on CD-ROM or via an intranet)
web-based training (to reach multiple users at multiple locations)
instructor-led traditional classroom training
instructor-led distance learning via satellite
on-the-job training (OJT)
print-based instruction / independent learning (workbook, self-study, etc.)

Once the delivery method is identified and course content refined, the process turns to creation of a master template for the project. This usually takes form as a storyboard.

A storyboard involves a step by step outline, in visual form, identifying all the components of the project. It is similar to completing a puzzle. The components are moved around until they all fit into the project in the most logical and beneficial manner.

We then determine the layout for the project. This process would include selecting font types, graphics, colors, backgrounds, navigation tools, and other visual aspects.

In short, the design phase focuses on details of the total training solution.

Development

The development phase involves the nuts and bolts of the creation of a learning package. This would include content development which occurs in different ways. Through review of existing materials, interviews with subject matter experts (SME), consulting with clients and employees, researching additional resources, we will develop a content-rich product.

This phase also involves designing and developing learning resource materials such as lesson plans, visual aids (slides, transparencies, Powerpoint presentations, etc.), handouts, evaluation tools, and the like.

If the delivery method is computer-based or web-based training, this phase would include the development of web-pages or CBT package.

If evaluation forms, job-aids, check-lists, or the like are needed, we will develop and validate such materials.

Also during this phase, we will scan client-provided graphics as necessary (logos, product specific information, etc.). We will also create digital photos, custom design logos and graphics, and create any audio or video clips which may be beneficial to the overall project.

Testing

Once developed, it is necessary to test the materials. The testing phase targets multiple areas including:

content specific - Is the material complete, accurate, and understandable?
design specific - Is the material aesthetically pleasing? Is the navigation control effective? Does the program flow well?
function specific - Do all the components work as designed. Do page links for CBT and WBT projects work? Are all referenced materials available. If a lesson plan refers to a transparency or activity, are the materials present and in working order?

Revision

Based on the results of the testing phase, any necessary revisions are made.

Implementation

Once revisions are completed, it is time to launch the project. This is first done in a "pilot" mode during which all aspects of the launch are analyzed to ensure effective and efficient deployment.

Evaluation

At the conclusion of the "pilot" course, the program is reviewed for effectiveness, problems, and suggestions for improvements. If necessary, modifications are then made.

Maintenance

The design and development process involves an on-going strategy of review, revision, and evaluation. The maintenance phase of the process occurs on a periodic and "as needed" basis. As new strategies emerge, technological advances occur, curricula are updated, new standards are developed, or new topics are generated, ILS stands ready to make any necessary modifications to the finished product.